This course focuses on pathophysiology related to Head, Eyes, Ears, Nose, and Throat (HEENT), cardiovascular, pulmonary, and renal disorders. Emphasizing homeostatic mechanisms and the underlying etiologies of disease, students will explore the complex interrelationships between function and dysfunction across various levels of biological organization, including molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, and systemic levels. As a longitudinal course, it runs concurrently with the system courses through the didactic phase of the program.